Avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID), is a eating disorder in which the patient does not necessarily have any significant body distortions or fears of weight gain, but they do have a lack of interest in food or a poor appetite. People with AFRID may have fears about eating food, such as vomiting, choking or allergic reactions. It would not be uncommon to see a sufferer of AFRID with impaired psycho-social functioning or be dependent or nutritional supplements or tube feeding.
(Menzel)
Pica is a disorder in which the individual consumes items that are not food, and have no nutritional value, for at least one month. Items ingested may include soap, paper, cloth, soil, chalk, charcoal, pebbles, ash, clay, starch, or talcum powder. Substances ingested may change depending on the persons age and what items are available to them. For the ingesting of non-food items to be considered pica, it needs to developmentally inappropriate. For example, for a toddler who is still learning touch and sensation, putting a toy or dirt in their mouth would not be considered a warning sign of pica. There is no concrete cause as to why pica happens, but it has been shown to have a possible link to autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disabilities and schizophrenia as well as medical occurrences, such as a iron deficiency or pregnancy. (Kelley)
video explaining pica
Rumination disorder, is a condition in which a person frequently regurgitates (brings up) the food from their stomach into the mouth, and then re-chews the food. This condition is usually found in infants, and most commonly starts after the age of three months. Rumination disorder can be linked to lack of stimulation, neglect and stressful family situations. The disorder is rarely found in older children, teenagers and adults. People who experience rumination disorder do not appear disgusted or disturbed while they regurgitate their food, and the process may appear to bring them pleasure.(Rumination)
Finally, I will discuss unspecified feeding or eating disorder. This term may be used when the patients behavior does not meet full criteria for any other feeding or eating disorder, yet the symtoms still cause significant clinical issues. A Clinician may diagnose someone with a unspecified feeding or eating disorder if they are lacking information in a emergency situation. The diagnosis may also occur if the clinician is unable to evaluate whether the patient fits the criteria for a different feeding or eating disorder. (Additional)
Once people learn about rumination disorder, pica, avoidant-restrictive food intake disorder, and unspecified feeding and eating disorders, hopefully they realize that eating disorders cannot be placed into one stereotype or schema. All of the disorders that fall under the category of additional feeding and eating disorders are vastly different and unique, just like the people who encounter them.
For any personal eating disorder concerns I recommend visiting NEDA's website for vast information and resources, as well as eating disorder screenings.
References:
"Additional Feeding or Eating Disorders." National Eating Disorders. 4girlsfoundation,
Center for Discovery, Eating Recovery Center, Rosewood, McCallum Place, n.d.
Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
Kelley, Urszula, MD. "Pica." National Eating Disorders. 4girlsfoundation, Center for
Discovery, Eating Recovery Center, Rosewood, McCallum Place, n.d. Web. 17 Oct.
2016.
Menzel, Jessie, PhD. "Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder." National Eating
Disorders. 4girlsfoundation, Center for Discovery, Eating Recovery Center,
Rosewood, McCallum Place, n.d.Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
"Rumination Disorder." Medlineplus. ADAM, 27 Oct. 2015. Web. 17 Oct. 2016.
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